Changes in Mesopotamian Wetlands: Investigations Using Diverse Remote Sensing Datasets

Early civilizations have inhabited areas with stable water resources that supported living needs and activities. The Mesopotamian marshes experienced dramatic changes during the past five decades. aim of this study is to observe, analyse report extent in these from 1972 2020. Data various sources were acquired through Google Earth Engine (GEE) including climate variables, land cover, surface reflectance, occurrence collections. Additionally, streamflow data was also analysed. Methods based on diagnostic analysis monitor evaluate causes results total environmental dynamism. Results show a clear wetlands dynamism over time, decrease incoming flow region due damming upstream tributaries, significant loss marshlands extent, even though no long-term change observed lumped rainfall 1982, periods where meteorological drought had been recorded. Human interventions disturbed ecosystems, which evident when studying changes. These diversion rivers building new drainage system caused migration spatiotemporal marshlands. Nonetheless, restoration plans (after 2003) strong wet conditions (period 2018–2020) helped recover not led regain their former extent. Further studies should pay more attention network within area as well neighbouring regions impact feeds marshes.